Frailty

THE NUTRITION LEARNING PLATFORM

FRAILTY

Frailty is a distinctive health state related to ageing in which multiple body systems gradually lose their in-built reserves.¹ Frailty is categorised by a loss of resilience and increased vulnerability to stressors. It can significantly impact patient outcomes, making it harder for them to bounce back from stressful events such as illness and accidents.²

The relationship between malnutrition, muscle loss (sarcopenia) and frailty is complex and interconnected, where the progression of each condition accelerates the other, which can cause a cyclical pathway for the patient.³

Malnutrition and insufficient protein and energy intake can contribute to the development of both frailty and sarcopenia.⁴

Learn more about how to support patients with frailty below.

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The Science Behind Muscle Loss in Chronic Disease & Acute Trauma

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title: The Science Behind Muscle Loss in Chronic Disease & Acute Trauma
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/muscle-loss-disease-and-acute-trauma
Abstract: Learn how chronic illness and acute trauma accelerate muscle loss, affecting mobility, strength, and wellbeing—and why early nutritional and clinical intervention is key to recovery.
Publish Date:: April 2019 | 23 min

Understanding the Impact of Sarcopenia in Frailty: Going from Strength to Strength

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title: Understanding the Impact of Sarcopenia in Frailty: Going from Strength to Strength
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/impact-of-sarcopenia-in-frailty
Abstract: Understand how age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia) contributes to frailty, increasing fall risk, disability, and reduced quality of life in older adults—and why early intervention matters.
Publish Date:: April 2019 | 22 min

CARE HOME NUTRITIONAL SERIES: INTRODUCTION TO MALNUTRITION SCREENING

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title: CARE HOME NUTRITIONAL SERIES: INTRODUCTION TO MALNUTRITION SCREENING
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/care-home-malnutrition-screening
Abstract: Understand malnutrition in care homes, apply 'MUST' screening and support residents with effective nutrition care plans.
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GLIM Foundations & Practice: Malnutrition Diagnosis Guide

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title: GLIM Foundations & Practice: Malnutrition Diagnosis Guide
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/glim-malnutrition-diagnosis-guide
Abstract: Learn how to diagnose malnutrition using GLIM, explore practical case studies, and review real‑world data on GLIM adoption, challenges, and benefits. Earn CPD certification.
Publish Date:: December 2025 | 54 mins

Why and How to Screen Patients' Muscle Health

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title: Looking beyond BMI: why and how to screen patients' muscle health
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/screen-patients-muscle-health
Abstract: Learn why muscle health matters beyond BMI. Discover practical tools, techniques, and nutrition strategies to support strength, function, and overall wellbeing in patient care.
Publish Date:: May 2024 | 2 min

Managing Sarcopenia & Frailty: How Can Nutrition & Exercise Improve Clinical Outcomes?

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title: Managing Sarcopenia & Frailty: How Can Nutrition & Exercise Improve Clinical Outcomes?
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/managing-sarcopenia-and-frailty
Abstract: Explore how malnutrition accelerates age-related muscle loss, contributing to frailty and sarcopenia—and how targeted nutrition and early intervention can improve strength and outcomes.
Publish Date:: April 2022 | 1 hr 03 mins

Optimising Nutrition to Improve Muscle Strength in Individuals at Risk for Falls

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title: Optimising Nutrition to Improve Muscle Strength in Individuals at Risk for Falls
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/nutrition-in-individuals-at-risk-for-falls
Abstract: Learn how nutrition and muscle strength assessment can help reduce fall risk in older adults, with practical strategies to support mobility, resilience, and overall health.
Publish Date:: July 2020 | 1 hr 08 mins

Vitamin D and protein for muscle health

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title: Vitamin D and protein for muscle health
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/vitamin-d-and-protein-for-muscle
Abstract: Discover how vitamin D, combined with protein and resistance exercise, may support muscle mass, improve musculoskeletal health, and help reduce the risk of age-related conditions.
Publish Date:: June 2022 | 6 min

Nourish the Muscle: Impact Clinical Outcomes Across the Continuum of Care

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title: Nourish the Muscle: Impact Clinical Outcomes Across the Continuum of Care
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/nourish-the-muscle-impact
Abstract: Explore how supporting muscle health through targeted nutrition can improve clinical outcomes, recovery, and quality of life in children with neurological or physical impairments.
Publish Date:: June 2020 | 1 hr 01 min

Maintaining muscle in older people: vitamin D, protein or exercise?

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title: Maintaining muscle in older people: vitamin D, protein or exercise?
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/people-vit-d-protein-exercise
Abstract: Understand how vitamin D, protein, and exercise support muscle health in older adults, helping to maintain mobility, function, and quality of life through targeted nutritional strategies.
Publish Date:: May 2022 | 32 min

Supporting Muscle Health through Screening and Intervention

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title: Supporting Muscle Health through Screening and Intervention
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/muscle-health-screening-and-intervention
Abstract: Daily activity matters to patients. Screening tools like handgrip and SARC-F help identify muscle loss early, guiding timely nutrition and intervention to support muscle health and outcomes.
Publish Date:: August 2024 | 4 min

The Benefits of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)

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title: The Benefits of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/benefits-of-beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
Abstract: Learn how HMB supports muscle health in cancer patients. Early detection of muscle loss and targeted nutrition can improve survival, treatment tolerance, and overall clinical outcomes.
Publish Date:: August 2023 | 3 min

Elevating Nutrition In Patient Care Pathways

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title: Elevating nutrition in patient care pathways
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/elevating-nutrition-in-patient-care
Abstract: In this video, Anne Holdoway shares expert tips on integrating nutrition into patient care pathways, highlighting its value for improving outcomes and supporting healthcare professionals.
Publish Date:: July 2024 | 4 min

Muscle Matters: Finding & Diagnosing Sarcopenia

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title: Muscle Matters: Finding & Diagnosing Sarcopenia
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/diagnosing-sarcopenia
Abstract: Learn how to identify and diagnose sarcopenia with this infographic. Understand muscle loss, its health impact, and why early detection is key for older adults and at-risk individuals.
Publish Date:: July 2020 | 4 min

The Role of Leucine & ß-Hydroxy-ß-Methylbutyrate (HMB)

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title: The Role of Leucine & ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutirate (HMB)
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/leucine-hydroxy-methylbutyrate-hmb
Abstract: Discover how leucine and its metabolite HMB support muscle health in ageing and illness in this infographic, featuring key scientific insights and evidence from clinical research.
Publish Date:: February 2023 | 4 min

Why Maintaining Muscle Matters: Infographic

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title: Why Maintaining Muscle Matters: Infographic
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/muscle-matters-infographic
Abstract: Discover why maintaining muscle is vital for healthy aging—supporting strength, mobility, and metabolism—and how it helps you stay active, resilient, and independent over time.
Publish Date:: January 2020 | 2 min

Nourishing Muscle: Unlocking the Power of Nutrition

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title: Nourishing muscle: unlocking the power of nutrition
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/unlocking-the-power-of-nutrition
Abstract: Explore muscle’s role in health, sarcopenia, and protein needs. Learn how HMB and high-protein ONS support strength and recovery in older adults across clinical care settings.
Publish Date:: May 2024 | 43 min

Protein Fact Sheet

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title: Protein Fact Sheet
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/protein-fact-sheet
Abstract: Use this infographic to learn how protein supports health and muscle in older adults. Includes intake tips, risks of low protein, and high-protein food ideas to help meet daily needs.
Publish Date:: July 2020 | 6 min

Integrating muscle measures in practice to improve patient-centred outcomes

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title: Integrating muscle measures in practice to improve patient-centred outcomes
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/integrating-muscle-measures-in-practice-to-improve-patient-centred-outcomes
Abstract: This course explores causes of frailty like malnutrition and muscle loss, and teaches screening, diagnosis, and interventions to improve patient-centred outcomes.
Publish Date:: November 2022 | 59 min

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in the ICU

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title: Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in the ICU
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence
Abstract: Explore how AI and machine learning support ICU nutrition care—highlighting malnutrition risks, GLIM assessment, and the need for adaptive, patient-specific nutrition strategies.
Publish Date:: December 2024 | 12 min

How Critical is Vitamin D for Your Patient Outcomes?

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title: How Critical is Vitamin D for Your Patient Outcomes? Demystifying the Role of Vitamin D
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/vitamin-d-critical
Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency affects muscle and immune health, raising injury and infection risk. Assessing levels is key when offering nutritional support in clinical practice.
Publish Date:: March 2021 | 1 hr 02 mins

Assessing Muscle Mass and Function

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title: Assessing muscle mass and function: practical tools and nutritional interventions to improve patient outcomes
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/assessing-muscle-mass
Abstract: A dietitian explains how muscle mass impacts health and quality of life, and how screening, assessment, and nutrition strategies can improve patient outcomes.
Publish Date:: January 2022 | 52 min

Screening Geriatric Patients for Optimal Nutrition

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title: Screening Geriatric Patients for Optimal Nutrition
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/screening-geriatric-patients-nutrition
Abstract: This video shows how nearly half of elderly patients face malnutrition. Screening tools like R-MAPP and HMB-based nutrition can help improve muscle mass and reduce complications like fractures.
Publish Date:: December 2024 | 8 min

Integrating Muscle Measures to Improve Patient Outcomes

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title: Integrating Muscle Measures to Improve Patient Outcomes
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/integrating-muscle-measures-to-improve-patient-outcomes
Abstract: Muscle loss is common in ageing and illness. This article highlights the importance of assessing muscle in practice and using nutrition and exercise to improve patient-centred outcomes.
Publish Date:: March 2023 | 2 min

From Screening to Strength: Impacting Patient Outcomes

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title: From screening to strength: impacting patient outcomes with muscle-focused screening
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/strength-impacting-patient-outcomes
Abstract: This video explores muscle health decline, its impact on outcomes, and how PCN dietitians can use screening tools and interventions to support frailty care in primary settings.
Publish Date:: May 2024 | 22 min

Nutrition and HMB for Muscle Health

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title: Nutrition and HMB for muscle health
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/nutrition-and-hmb-for-muscle-health
Abstract: A nutrition scientist explains how muscle health supports recovery. Tools like DEXA and HMB supplementation help detect and reduce loss, improving outcomes in cancer and chronic illness.
Publish Date:: December 2024 | 17 min

Helping Older Adults to Stay Independent for Longer

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title: Helping older adults to stay independent for longer
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/older-adults-independent
Abstract: Muscle loss increases fall and fracture risk. Early nutrition and exercise are key but often missed. A 2019 consensus offers practical guidance to support independence in older adults.
Publish Date:: November 2023 | 6 min

Embedding Malnutrition and Muscle Screening in Hospitals

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title: Embedding malnutrition and muscle screening in hospitals: Learning from 14 UK Trusts
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/malnutrition-and-muscle-screening
Abstract: This symposium shares UK audit findings on malnutrition and muscle loss in hospitals, highlighting prevalence, clinical risks, and implications for patient care.
Publish Date:: November 2023 | 40 min

Looking beyond BMI: why and how to screen patients' muscle health

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title: Looking beyond BMI: why and how to screen patients' muscle health
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/screen-patients-muscle-health
Abstract: Learn why muscle health matters beyond BMI. Discover practical tools, techniques, and nutrition strategies to support strength, function, and overall wellbeing in patient care.
Publish Date:: May 2024 | 2 min

Sarcopenic Obesity: Nutritional and Exercise Interventions

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title: Sarcopenic obesity: nutritional and exercise interventions to improve patient outcomes
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/sarcopenic-obesity-nutritional-interventions
Abstract: Discuss sarcopenic obesity, the obesity paradox, and how muscle mass affects cardiometabolic health, with key rehab nutrition and exercise strategies.
Publish Date:: June 2021 | 31 min

The NOURISH Study

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title: Readmission and Mortality in Malnourished, Older, Hospitalised Adults Treated with a Specialised Oral Nutritional Supplement: a Randomised Clinical Trial
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/nourish-study
Abstract: The NOURISH trial found that HMB-based high-protein ONS may lower mortality and readmission rates in malnourished, older adults with cardiopulmonary disease post-hospital discharge.
Publish Date:: January 2016 | 2 min

The power of HMB

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title: The power of HMB
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/the-power-of-hmb
Abstract: Muscle loss impacts patients and NHS costs. Early diagnosis and HMB-based nutritional support can improve outcomes. This article explores managing muscle loss and malnutrition with HMB supplements.
Publish Date:: March 2023 | 2 min

Falls Prevention in Over 65s

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title: Falls prevention in over 65s: catching patients before they fall
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/falls-prevention-in-over-sixtyfive
Abstract: Falls are a leading cause of hospitalisation in older adults. Malnutrition and muscle loss raise risk, but early screening and nutrition can help prevent them. Learn more in this infographic.
Publish Date:: September 2024 | 2 min

Muscle Health: What is The Role of Nutrition

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title: Muscle Health: What is The Role of Nutrition?
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/muscle-health-and-role-of-nutrition
Abstract: This video discusses the critical role of muscle in health, the consequences of muscle loss, and effective interventions to preserve muscle through nutrition and early mobilisation.
Publish Date:: May 2024 | 2 min

Frailty: Why Nutrition Matters & How to Make a Difference

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title: The future of frailty – why nutrition matters and how you can make a difference
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/frailty-nutritionto-make-difference
Abstract: Explore frailty’s impact through a real-life case—covering clinical risks, polypharmacy, and how nutrition and exercise can help manage and reduce frailty nationwide.
Publish Date:: November 2024 | 25 min

Frailty Views: Emerging Trends & Innovations in Nutrition

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title: Frailty views: emerging trends and innovations in nutritional care
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/frailty-innovations-in-nutrition
Abstract: Explore future nutrition care for frailty—covering new trends, technologies, and innovations aimed at improving outcomes and enhancing support for vulnerable patients.
Publish Date:: November 2024 | 10 mins

Frailty Views: Addressing Nutritional Challenges & Solutions

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title: Frailty views: addressing nutritional challenges and solutions
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/frailty-challenges-and-solutions
Abstract: Frail patients face nutritional challenges. This video explores how healthcare professionals can overcome barriers and find solutions to improve patient health and intake.
Publish Date:: November 2024 | 12 min

Development of a System-Level Frailty Framework

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title: Development of a system-level frailty framework: a focus on nutrition as a key component
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/system-level-frailty-framework
Abstract: Learn how a system-level frailty framework supports care through network planning, muscle screening, assessment tools, and the combined role of nutrition and exercise in healthy aging.
Publish Date:: November 2024 | 25 min

The Role of HMB to Support Muscle: An Expert's Insight

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title: The role of HMB to support muscle: an expert's insights
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/hmb-to-support-muscle-experts
Abstract: This video features expert insights on how HMB supports muscle health—enhancing growth and reducing breakdown in individuals experiencing muscle loss.
Publish Date:: May 2024 | 4 min

Building Muscle Strength: The Role of Exercise

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title: Building Muscle Strength: The Role of Exercise
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/building-muscle-strength
Abstract: Explore changes in muscle mass and strength, links to COPD, cancer, frailty, and highlight the role of activity and exercise in maintaining muscle health.
Publish Date:: June 2023 | 33 min

HMB & Muscle: An expert's view

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title: HMB & Muscle health: an expert’s view
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/hmb-and-muscle-an-experts-view
Abstract: Watch this expert-led video on HMB and muscle health. Learn about its benefits across patient groups and practical guidance for introducing HMB into daily nutritional support.
Publish Date:: August 2024 | 2 min

The Value of Muscle in Improving Clinical Outcomes

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title: The value of muscle in improving clinical outcomes
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/muscle-improving-clinical-outcomes
Abstract: Shifting malnutrition care from weight to muscle focus can improve outcomes. Learn why assessing and preserving muscle mass is key to enhancing recovery and quality of life.
Publish Date:: July 2021 | 4 min

Nutrition Interventions to Support Muscle Maintenance

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title: Nutrition Interventions to Support Muscle Maintenance
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/nutrition-interventions-muscle-maintenance
Abstract: Discover the causes of muscle loss and the importance of targeted nutrition interventions to support muscle growth, strength, and maintenance across different patient populations.
Publish Date:: December 2023 | 41 min

Building Muscle for Better Health Outcomes

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title: Building Muscle for Better Health Outcomes
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/building-muscle-for-better-health-outcomes
Abstract: This video explains how HMB and protein-based nutrition strategies help reduce muscle loss and support better outcomes in older adults and patients with cancer, frailty, or COPD.
Publish Date:: June 2022 | 5 min

Frailty and sarcopenia in older adults

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title: Frailty and sarcopenia in older adults
Content Reference: /content/an/hcpproconnect/uk/en/home/proconnect-academy/adult/resources/secure-page/frailty-and-sarcopenia-in-older-adults
Abstract: Frailty and sarcopenia raise risks of falls, disability, and mortality in older adults. Nutrition and exercise may help slow decline and support healthier aging.
Publish Date:: June 2022 | 6 mins